Sydney /?s?dni/[6] is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.[7] Located on Australia’s east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world’s largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west.[8] Residents of Sydney are known as “Sydneysiders”. Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia.

The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians since the Upper Paleolithic period.[9] The first British settlers arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the mid-19th century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. The population of Sydney at the time of the 2011 census was 4.39 million, 1.5 million of which were born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world.[3][10] There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home.[11][12]